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With?the?rapid?development?and?in-depth?application?of?a?new?round?of?information?technologies?such?as?5g,?mobile?Internet?and?cloud?computing,?it?has?become?a?general?trend?to?improve?the?competitiveness?of?the?park?with?intelligence.?According?to?the?calculation?of?China?Research?century,?the?investment?in?smart?park?construction?in?China?will?exceed?240?billion?yuan?in?2020.?Due?to?the?impact?of?COVID-19,?the?growth?rate?of?smart?park?investment?will?be?slightly?narrowed.?However,?as?an?important?part?of?smart?city?construction,?the?construction?of?smart?park?will?still?have?a?high?growth?rate?in?the?future.?The?introduction?of?unmanned?driving?has?become?an?important?symbol?of?the?intelligent?construction?of?many?parks.

"Not?all?automatic?driving?is?called?unmanned?driving!"

At?present,?most?governments?and?enterprises?are?adopting?the?automatic?driving?classification?standard?formulated?by?SAE?International;?According?to?SAE,?automatic?driving?is?defined?as?six?levels?from?l0?to?L5?(see?Table?1),?and?only?when?level?L4?and?level?L5?are?reached,?automatic?driving?is?unmanned.?At?present,?the?commercial?mass-produced?manned?auto?drive?system?in?the?world?is?mainly?L1-L3,?and?L4?is?trying?to?be?commercialized?in?the?bus?field.

Table?1:?classification?of?automatic?driving?level

"There?are?many?applicable?scenarios?for?unmanned?driving?in?the?industrial?park,?and?multi?scenario?linkage?can?be?realized!"

Unmanned?driving?is?still?in?the?initial?stage,?and?continuous?testing?and?data?accumulation?are?required.?The?park?scene?is?relatively?closed?and?the?road?conditions?are?simple,?which?is?suitable?for?the?trial?operation?of?various?unmanned?vehicles?and?the?upgrading?of?unmanned?driving?schemes.?In?the?market?survey?report?"application?opportunity?mining?of?unmanned?driving?in?semi?restricted?areas",?China?Research?century?explored?the?applicable?scenarios?of?unmanned?vehicles?in?the?area.

Automatic?driving?in?the?park?can?be?divided?into?8?types:?unmanned?connection,?formation?driving,?time-sharing?leasing,?unmanned?cleaning,?unmanned?distribution,?unmanned?logistics,?unmanned?sales?and?unmanned?patrol?inspection.?Most?of?them?are?at?L4?level.?See?Table?2?for?details

Table?2:?types?of?automatic?driving?products?used?in?the?park

Among?the?above?types?of?driverless?vehicles,?the?driverless?shuttle?vehicle?solving?the?"last?kilometer?of?commuting"?has?attracted?the?interest?of?the?park?managers.?In?recent?years,?commuting?convenience?has?become?an?issue?that?must?be?considered?in?the?park's?investment?promotion.?The?increasing?labor?cost?has?brought?a?certain?opportunity?for?the?introduction?of?unmanned?vehicles.

"Are?there?really?any?opportunities?for?unmanned?shuttle?buses?"

As?a?professional?market?research?company?specializing?in?empirical?research,?China?Research?century?has?selected?different?types?of?parks?to?understand?their?commuting?needs?and?pain?points.?According?to?the?investigation,?there?are?mainly?four?scenes?in?the?park:?commuting,?business?trip,?business?trip?and?in?the?park.?See?Table?3?for?details

Table?3:?scene?of?the?park

From?the?analysis?of?travel?scenarios,?the?applicable?scenarios?of?unmanned?shuttle?vehicles?are?mainly?the?shuttle?bus?from?the?subway?station?around?the?park?to?the?park,?and?the?shuttle?bus?from?the?apartment?in?the?park?to?the?park.?At?present,?it?is?mainly?solved?by?the?shuttle?bus?configured?in?the?park.?See?Table?4?for?shuttle?bus?configuration?and?operation.

Table?4:?shuttle?bus?configuration?and?operation

According?to?the?research?of?China?Research?century,?most?open?parks?adopt?the?mode?of?outsourcing?commuter?connection?to?a?third-party?operating?company,?while?most?closed?parks?are?manufacturing?enterprises,?with?large?demand?for?shuttle?buses,?and?most?adopt?the?mode?of?cooperation?with?public?transport?groups.?The?common?pain?point?of?commuting?is?the?insufficient?supply?of?vehicles.?At?present,?the?labor?cost?accounts?for?nearly?40%?of?the?vehicle?operation?cost,?and?there?is?an?upward?trend.?Increasing?the?vehicle?configuration?will?inevitably?increase?the?number?of?drivers,?and?the?resulting?costs?will?be?higher.?In?the?absence?of?government?subsidies,?it?is?difficult?for?the?park?to?bear,?while?very?few?Parks?can?enjoy?government?transport?subsidies.

Since?2018,?there?have?been?pilot?driverless?schemes?in?the?park.?For?example,?Tianjin?Huaming?Industrial?Park?cooperated?with?Tianjin?Qingzhi?Technology?Co.,?Ltd.?to?test?its?driverless?vehicle.?See?Table?5?for?vehicle?information.?However,?the?trial?operation?results?are?not?ideal,?and?the?problems?are?mainly?as?follows:?①?the?endurance?is?low;?②?The?cycle?of?product?commissioning?and?maintenance?is?longer?than?the?operation?cycle;?③?The?steering?of?the?vehicle?is?not?flexible?enough?and?is?rather?stiff;?④?The?right?to?open?the?driverless?road?is?required.?Since?2019,?Great?Wall?Motors?has?successively?released?a?number?of?cutting-edge?scientific?and?technological?achievements?including?L4?level?urban?auto?drive?system.?The?version?3.0?of?its?"i-pilot?smart?pilot"?corresponds?to?the?L4?level?of?automatic?driving,?which?basically?solves?the?technical?problems?of?driverless?vehicles.?However,?due?to?the?impact?of?COVID-19,?the?commercial?production?time?originally?planned?for?2023?has?to?be?delayed.?In?addition,?from?August?2022,?Shenzhen?driverless?will?be?legally?on?the?road?in?Shenzhen,?which?indicates?that?the?problem?of?driverless?Road?Authority?will?be?gradually?solved.

Table?5:?shuttle?bus?configuration?and?operation

"What?type?of?park?will?unmanned?drive?first?"

During?the?investigation,?China?Research?century?found?that?there?is?a?large?demand?for?shuttle?buses?in?the?secondary?industry?industrial?park,?especially?in?the?closed?Park?settled?by?single?enterprises.?The?shuttle?buses?and?apartment?shuttle?buses?in?the?park?are?relatively?easy?to?be?replaced?by?driverless?ones,?but?there?are?also?several?resistance?points:

①?Some?parks?have?government?transport?subsidies.?Can?you?continue?to?get?subsidies?after?using?unmanned?driving??Or?can?the?cost?of?adopting?unmanned?driving?be?the?same?as?the?cost?after?the?current?subsidy?

②?With?a?large?number?of?employees?and?uneven?quality,?can?the?driverless?vehicles?operate?smoothly?and?safely?

③?The?turnover?rate?of?employees?in?the?park?is?large,?and?the?number?of?vehicles?fluctuates?greatly,?which?needs?to?be?adjusted?from?time?to?time

Whether?it?is?an?enterprise?led?open?park?or?a?government?led?open?park,?like?closed?parks,?they?all?have?the?demand?for?commuting?from?the?subway?to?the?park,?but?it?is?not?easy?to?realize?in?the?short?term.?The?first?resistance?comes?from?policies?and?regulations:?the?legality?of?driverless?vehicles?on?the?road?cannot?be?implemented?in?a?large?area?in?the?short?term.?The?second?resistance?comes?from?the?cooperation?mode:?most?parks?currently?outsource?commuting?to?third-party?operating?companies,?These?companies?are?unable?to?bear?the?high?initial?investment?cost?and?have?low?interest?in?unmanned?driving.

"How?far?is?unmanned?driving?"

Driven?by?the?demand?to?reduce?labor?costs?and?the?relatively?simple?application?scenarios,?unmanned?driving?will?be?preferentially?implemented?in?special?work?scenarios?such?as?port?transportation?and?mines,?while?Park?connection,?sanitation?cleaning?and?low-speed?logistics?will?also?have?greater?application?opportunities.?However,?it?faces?challenges?in?technology,?standards?and?regulations,?and?infrastructure?configuration.?At?the?same?time,?it?also?faces?challenges?in?business?model?and?social?acceptance.?It?is?indeed?difficult?to?implement?it?on?a?large?scale?in?the?short?term.?However,?the?popularization?of?high-level?automatic?driving?technology?will?greatly?improve?traffic?safety,?improve?traffic?efficiency,?and?reduce?energy?consumption?and?emissions.?We?need?to?have?confidence?and?patience?in?it.